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Category: Thermodynamics

Open, Closed & Isolated Systems

February 19, 2015January 4, 2021 Surfguppy14 CommentsThermodynamics

Systems   A system refers to any parts of the universe being studied. If you are conducting an experiment in a beaker, then the system you are studying is in the beaker. The system is subject to surrounding factors such Read More …

Enthalpy Change Calculation

November 8, 2014December 2, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics
Propane combustion

Example: Propane Combustion When 0.5 g of propane is burned, the heat produced is used to raise the temperature of 100 cm³ of water from 20ºC to 40ºC. Calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction. Given the density of Read More …

calculations

Enthalpy, Entropy & Gibbs Free Energy

November 8, 2014November 30, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics
icon-gibbs-free-energy

 Enthalpy  Entropy Gibbs Free Energy       Enthalpy is the amount of heat energy transferred (heat absorbed or emitted) in a chemical process under constant pressure. Entropy measures the amount of heat dispersed or transferred during a chemical process. Gibbs Read More …

Enthalpy

November 8, 2014November 30, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics

WHAT IS ENTHALPY CHANGE? Don’t get hung up with the term enthalpy change. It is just a simple term to denote the amount of heat that passes in or out of a system during a chemical reaction under constant pressure. Read More …

Reaction Spontaneity

May 10, 2014December 1, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics

(Picture above – Dog escaping over the fence – winter 2015) A spontaneous process is a physical or chemical change that occurs with no outside intervention. In life, many things happen spontaneously. For example, my dog escaped over the fence Read More …

Hess Law

May 9, 2014December 1, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics
cow

WHAT IS HESS LAW? Hess law states that energy change in the overall chemical reaction is the sum of energy change or enthalpy change in the individual reactions that comprises it. Hess’ Law can be difficult to understand because of all the Read More …

Hess Law – Calculation for Methane formation

May 9, 2014November 30, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics
Calculation for Methane formation using Hess Law - Chemistry

METHANE GAS – CH4   What is the enthalpy change when methane is formed using carbon graphite and hydrogen?   When a chemical reaction takes place, heat is either given off or absorbed. If heat is given off, it is Read More …

Understanding Gibbs Free Energy

May 9, 2014January 10, 2021 Surfguppy3 CommentsThermodynamics

What is Gibbs Free Energy? For a simple definition, Gibbs free energy can be described as the amount of energy available to do work. Gibbs Free Energy is invented by Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) Read More …

Gibb’s Free Energy – Ammonia

May 8, 2014December 1, 2020 SurfguppyLeave a commentThermodynamics

The Haber process to manufacture ammonia using nitrogen and hydrogen is given by the equation below: Calculate Gibb’s free energy change (ΔG) at 298 K temperature. Given the entropy change (ΔS): -198 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ Enthalpy change (ΔH): -92 kJ Read More …

calculations

Entropy

May 7, 2014December 1, 2020 Surfguppy1 CommentThermodynamics
Entropy is like a teenager's bedroom 2

WHAT IS ENTROPY? Entropy refers to the amount of unusable energy in a system. When water flows over a dam, it loses some of its useful energy as heat Solid wood burns to become ash and releases gases. Solid ice Read More …

Categories

THE MOLE

  • The Mole relationship to Carbon
  • The Mole Concept
  • What is Molecular Mass?
  • How to calculate the number of moles
  • Molar Mass
  • Avogadro’s Constant
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Energy Levls

  • Ionization energy trend
  • Periodic Table Trends
  • Electronegativity Bond Scale
  • The Octet Rule of Electron Configuration
  • Definition, Obits and Energy Level
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Covalent Bonds

  • Carbon to Carbon Nonpolar Covalent Bond
  • Covalent Bond
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bond
  • Polar Covalent Bond
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Ionic Bonds

  • What is an ionic bond
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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION

  • Atmospheric Pressure & Boiling Point
  • Freezing Point Depression
  • Boiling Point Elevation
  • Vapor Pressure Lowering
  • Colligative Properties of Solutions
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Solutions

  • Sublimation
  • Dissociation
  • The Process of Solvation
  • Osmotic Pressure
  • Properties of Colloids
  • Brownian Motion
  • Molality – Definition
  • Hydrophobic
  • Solubility
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Thermodynamics

  • Open, Closed & Isolated Systems
  • Enthalpy Change Calculation
  • Enthalpy, Entropy & Gibbs Free Energy
  • Enthalpy
  • Reaction Spontaneity
  • Hess Law
  • Hess Law – Calculation for Methane formation
  • Understanding Gibbs Free Energy
  • Gibb’s Free Energy – Ammonia
  • Entropy
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Polymers

  • Carbon to Carbon – Single, Double & Triple Bonds
  • Condensation Polymerization
  • Addition Polymerization
  • Types of Plastics and their Classification
  • What is Polymerization
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Carbohydrates

  • 3 Simple Steps – the Ring Structure of Glucose Molecule
  • Simple Sugars – Monosaccharides
  • Carbohydrates and Sugar
  • 4 Simple Steps – Chain Glucose Molecule
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Categories

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